In 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency determined that greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, were harmful to public health and has since embarked on a campaign to lower greenhouse gas emissions.

But research from a government accountability nonprofit suggests that the scientific underpinnings of the EPA’s greenhouse gas “Endangerment Finding” were not properly peer-reviewed, as required by federal law.

The Institute for Trade, Standards and Sustainable Development (ITSSD) found that the EPA’s peer-review process for their 2009 Endangerment Finding was “compromised,” as the agency relied on science that was peer-reviewed by the very scientists who helped write and develop it — an apparent conflict of interest.

The EPA’s Endangerment Finding relied on 28 climate science assessments developed by U.S. and United Nations agencies. These studies now underpin the Obama administration’s legal authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, including upcoming regulations on coal-fired power plants. Critics say these regulations will effectively ban the building of new coal-fired plants.

Only four of these climate assessments had been developed by the EPA themselves, while seven had been developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Eight of the 28 climate assessments the EPA relied on had come from the U.N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the nonprofit National Research Council of the National Academies of Science (NRC) and the regional Arctic Council.

ITSSD, however, found that the EPA’s peer-review process may not satisfy the Information Quality Act. Namely, that numerous government scientists and university scientists getting NOAA funding who helped develop many of the climate assessments also participated in the IPCC’s fourth climate assessment These scientists were then used to peer review the very climate science assessments that relied on their research.

The Information Quality Act requires the EPA to make sure these 28 climate assessments underpinning their 2009 Endangerment Finding were rigorously peer-reviewed, since it was being used to justify far-reaching regulations — but may not have happened, according to ITSSD.

“ITSSD research also reveals that, on six separate occasions, university-affiliated scientists had also played a key role in NRC… peer reviews of the same climate assessments that such… NOAA-employed and -funded scientists had developed,” the group said in a statement.

“And, on several occasions, without explanation, NRC… had repeatedly used the same reviewer(s) in multiple assessments,” they added.

In 2006, 12 states and several cities sued the EPA, seeking a court order to force them to regulate greenhouse gas emissions — on which the Bush administration was dragging its feet. The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to regulate “any air pollutant” that can “reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare.”

The Bush EPA lost. In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the EPA had to begin determining whether or not greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide, were harmful to public health. The Obama administration capitalized on the Supreme Court ruling and quickly made their determination that greenhouse gases were harmful to humans.

“These long-overdue findings cement 2009’s place in history as the year when the United States government began addressing the challenge of greenhouse-gas pollution and seizing the opportunity of clean-energy reform,” former EPA administrator Lisa Jackson said in 2009. “This continues our work towards clean energy reform that will cut GHGs and reduce the dependence on foreign oil that threatens our national security and our economy.”

The 2009 finding allowed the EPA to set greenhouse gas emissions limits for light-duty vehicles and have since been extended to stationary facilities, like refineries and power plants. Now, the Obama administration is using its authority to regulate greenhouse gases to impose emissions limits on power plants, which make it nearly impossible to build new coal plants.

But ITSSD’s research raises serious concerns about the integrity of the peer review science process the EPA used to underpin its justification for regulating greenhouse gases. The group is currently seeking records from the EPA and NOAA to further substantiate their investigation into the both agencies’ peer review processes, but they have so far been rebuffed.

“The [Information Quality Act] and related [Office of Management and Budget] guidelines provide the public with a powerful tool to ensure regulatory transparency and government accountability, which helps to maintain regulatory predictability and to reduce market uncertainty,” said Lawrence Kogan, ITSSD’s president.

“Government transparency and accountability and regulatory predictability are indispensable in the current postmodern era where the administrative state is rapidly expanding at the national and international levels, and the pursuit of international regulatory cooperation/harmonization has been highlighted as a key administration trade and foreign policy objective,” Kogan said.

The EPA defends its Endangerment Finding. “The endangerment finding followed and extensive public review and comment process, and has been resoundingly upheld in court challenges,” the agency told The Daily Caller News Foundation.

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